The Utilization of Mesenchymal Stem Cell therapy in the treatment of human diseases

Abstract

MSC is the most important type of adult stem cells. These are multipotent and can be obtained from various sources, including adipose tissue, bone marrow, liver, and cord blood. MSCs are capable of self-renewal and could differentiate into various cell types. MSCs can be grown in-vitro, and these are known to execute anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, anti-tumor, anti-apoptotic, and immunomodulatory effects. Many studies have reported that autologous or allogenic administration of MSCs to treat various diseases is relatively safe. Following transfusion, MSCs show low immunogenicity. MSCs could travel to inflammatory or damaged tissue sites. These could also reach the tumor site and home there and contribute to suppression of tumor growth. In this review, we have summarized the important properties of MSCs, their role in the treatment of cancer, immune diseases, and regeneration of damaged tissues. The information about the application of MSCs in different therapeutic strategies may help better understand the pros and cons of MSCs therapy in human diseases.